Beethoven Piano Sonata 10

Opus 14, No. 2


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Beethoven Piano Sonata 10 First edition

Beethoven Piano Sonata 10 –First Edition

Vienna, 1799.

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"The genie is made up of 2% talent and 98% constant perseverance." –L. V. Beethoven.

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Beethoven Piano Sonata 10 –Interesting Facts

Beethoven's tenth piano sonata is one of those sonatas whose lyricism and soft humor belies his exquisite artistry.


Beethoven Piano Sonata 10 –Novelties

The first movement, for example, has several themes that are certainly different; the first is quite Bachian, the second is typical Viennese, the third is similar to a duet. They are definitely not contrasting in the classic sense of the word. There is a clever rhythmic trick from the opening measure, where the song enters half a beat before you hear it, you will definitely hear the first beat with your left hand, now try to listen to it "correctly and carefully" and the whole movement will transform in your head. , establishing a subtle but definite moment of rhythmic disorientation as the high-pitched melody enters bar four. And in shrewd recognition of this trick, Beethoven actually corrects this misleading rhythm in the coda.

The second movement is the first movement of theme and variation that Beethoven would put in his sonatas, explicitly humorous, although some variations are directly lyrical. The final movement, like the first, begins deep in rhythmic ambiguity, although unlike the first movement, this ambiguity is not hidden. The ingenuity with which Beethoven uses modulations and plays with the rondo form here is quite illustrative, intelligent; the coda, for example, contains the final third episode and the return of the theme. Like the second movement, the third movement has a fun ending, it builds up to a great glossy finish, fades to the bass.


Remarks

Structure

Two interesting features accompany this sonata. The use of the variation form as a second movement marks the first in Beethoven sonatas, but represents a marriage that will become increasingly important, appearing again in the second movement of the Sonata No. 23, the last movement of Sonata No. 30, and Sonata No. 32. The second feature is the use of the term Scherzo as a character indication, but not in conjunction with a minuet and trio structure. This use occurs only once more in sonatas: second movement of the Sonata No. 18.


Possible connections between movements

Both the first and third movements open optimistically, ushering in the tonic preceded by a pair of changing notes, in bars 2 of the first movement and bars 3 and 4 in the third.


First Movement: G major | Allegro | 2/4 | Sonata-allegro

Exposition

The exposition presents key traditional relationships, being the second thematic area the dominant one.

Measures 20 to 24 and 147 to 151

The first sources are not clear if the sextillos should be played in two series of three or three series of two. The editors' recommendations differ.

Measures 47 to 63

An unusually long closure section of new material is featured.

Development
Measures 64 to 80

The first theme is expressed in G minor and the second in B flat major.

Measures 81 to 98

The first theme returns in the left hand, with triplets in the right hand, creating a polyrhythmic challenge that moves through A♭ major, G minor, and F minor and stops at a dominant seventh in E flat major.

Measures 99 to 124

The first theme returns in E♭ major and is extended in the left hand with thirty-second scales in the right hand in bars 107 to 114. A fragment of the theme's opening serves as a transition to the recapitulation.

Recapitulation

Like the exhibition, the recap is traditional.

Measures 187 to 200

A short coda based on the main theme closes the movement.


Second Movement: C major | Andante | 4/4 | Theme and variations

Theme

The theme has a two-part structure, the first part eight with eight bars long and the second with twelve. The first part should not be repeated; the second part is repeated. The variations of the theme are rhythmically more active with each variation, this procedure was typical of the variations of the classical period. It is sometimes called rhythmic crescendo. Note values are often shortened to create more activity without changing the tempo. In this set of variations, Beethoven is able to sustain the Rhythmic Crescendo until the end of the movement, because there are only three variations. When there are more variations this procedure reaches its limit and must be discontinued, usually after the third or fourth variation.

Variation 1
Measures 21 to 40

The first variation places the melody on the left. hand with a syncopated accompaniment on the right, leaving an impression of increased activity.

Variation 2
Measures 41 to 60

This variation features a left side disjointed accompaniment in eighth notes with continuation syncopation in the right hand.

Interlude
Measures 61 to 64

A four-measure interlude links the second and third variations. Beethoven also uses interludes between variations in the ending movement of the Sonata No. 32.

Variation 3
Measures 65 to 90

The final variation combines a left-hand legato line with broken chords in sixteenth notes to the right hand. Four measures indicating the opening phrase of the theme act as coda.

Third Movement: G major | Allegro assai | Scherzo | 2/4 | ABACA, coda

Structure

The structure is unusual in its imbalance, a feature that enhances the joy of movement.

Measures 23 to 41

The section B is in E minor, very short and features bursts of 16th note triplets.

Measures 73 to 124

A longer, lyrical C section in C major unfolds with its own ABA pattern.

Measures 125 to 189

After a fun transition based on the first theme material, the first theme returns in measure 139 and is extended with a strong dominant preparation.

Measures 189 to 254

A long coda features cadence-like material twice and ends with a return of fragments from the opening theme.